Discussion on the packaging of the hottest dangero

With the rapid development of the national economy, the aviation industry is advancing by leaps and bounds, especially in recent years, the number of dangerous goods by air has increased sharply, which has attracted enough attention from the relevant departments. However, many people, including manufacturers, carriers and inspectors, still have many misunderstandings in their understanding, and many packages fail to meet the requirements of the "technical rules for the safe transportation of dangerous goods by air", Some people even confuse the packaging requirements of dangerous goods by sea and dangerous goods by air. It is precisely because of the confusion of the concept, the delay of shipment, and the loss, which is fully due to the lack of understanding of the particularity of "air transportation", so the loss is inevitable. Here are three examples. I hope readers will have an insight after understanding these examples, so as to avoid repeating the mistakes

in 2000, the comrade in charge of packaging of the entry exit inspection and Quarantine Bureau received the factory's declaration that a batch of fireworks and firecrackers were to be exported to South America by air. I hope the Bureau will send personnel to inspect them. Since the Bureau has not been engaged in airlifting dangerous goods before, how should we control it? " Paul korchajin's answer may only apply to his period inspection work, so it was carried out according to the maritime dangerous goods inspection practice. After passing the inspection, a maritime dangerous goods use identification certificate was issued, and an official of the Ministry of foreign affairs was responsible for the shipment of this batch of dangerous goods. It turned out that this was foreign aid. A country in South America is a small country that has so-called "diplomatic relations" with Taiwan. After the work of the Ministry of foreign affairs, it agreed to break diplomatic relations with Taiwan and intend to establish diplomatic relations with the people's Republic of China. However, a prerequisite was that the Ministry of foreign affairs was required to provide a batch of fireworks and firecrackers with a price of up to US $1 million free of charge, because Taiwan had previously provided fireworks and firecrackers during the national day of the country, Now that Taiwan has interrupted its "diplomatic relations" with Taiwan, Taiwan will definitely not provide any more. The Ministry of foreign affairs has promised to implement the task of making high-grade fireworks and firecrackers in a factory in Jiangsu Province. It is obviously too late to ship the fireworks and firecrackers, so it proposed air transportation. Therefore, the factory applied for dangerous goods inspection, and issued a signing certificate applicable to sea transportation without consent, saying that it is an alternative air transportation certificate, The staff of the Ministry of foreign affairs took this certificate to China Eastern Airlines, but of course, China Eastern Airlines rejected it and asked for a certificate of use suitable for air transportation. In such a period of upheaval, the inspectors of a bureau took back the identification certificate used by sea and replaced it with an identification certificate used by air. The personnel of the Ministry of foreign affairs went to China Eastern Airlines again. The staff of China Eastern Airlines found that this batch of high-grade fireworks and firecrackers obviously belonged to the first category of dangerous goods - prohibited substances in explosives, so they refused to carry them. The Ministry of foreign affairs was forced by diplomatic needs to issue a letter of guarantee for shipment, and China Eastern Airlines had no choice but to agree. However, there are no direct flights between South America and China, and the aircraft to be transshipped in South Africa is German Airlines. China Eastern Airlines contacted German Airlines, which was rejected by German Airlines, because this practice clearly violates the "technical rules for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air" formulated by the international civil Aviation Organization The Ministry of foreign affairs proposed to charter a huge amount of money, but the pilot of German Airlines refused to drive, and the stewardess refused to go to work. In this case, they had to give up, causing losses on the diplomatic front. Of course, the staff engaged in inspection was seriously dealt with. Judging from this serious political event, there are significant differences in packaging requirements and transportation regulations between ocean shipping and aerospace, which must not be equated

a drug leak occurred on the flight from Shanghai to Hong Kong in 2004. Several people were poisoned and sent to hospital for treatment. When investigating the cause of the accident, we learned that the steel barrel cover was not tightened, resulting in the leakage of toxic substances. The first thing to do for transporting dangerous liquid goods by air is to tighten the sealer. The required rotating torque is greater than that of shipping, so the requirements for the manufacture and material of the sealer are higher, and tooth slippage cannot be caused by increasing the torque. In addition, the capacity of filling liquid dangerous goods shall not exceed 98%, but not less than 65%. This requirement does not exist in the maritime regulations, because the aircraft will often dive and rise straight due to the air flow during shipping. If the contents of the container are small, the space in the container is too large, and the aircraft is moving up and down violently, the liquid will have a great impact on the container, resulting in leakage, If the sealer is not tightened, it is likely to flush the sealer away, causing leakage

many airlines have formulated regulations suitable for the company for their own safety needs, such as the regulations made by airchina: "all dangerous goods originating in China must be packaged in combination, and single packaging is prohibited. The combined packaging containing liquid dangerous goods belonging to class 1, 11 and ill packaging must use enough adsorption materials to absorb the contents of all inner packaging." Iran Airlines (Iran AJR) stipulates that "dangerous goods containing combined packages or collective packages with different UN numbers or packaging categories shall not be accepted and transported". It also stipulates that "all packages and synthetic packages must be marked in English. If the country of origin requires marking in a language other than English, the two languages must be equally eye-catching."

if a dangerous goods has both primary and secondary hazards, and can only be transported by cargo aircraft on the package, Singapore Airlines refuses to accept the package of such dangerous goods

Saudi Arabian Airlines stipulates: "if the main container contains less than 50 ml of liquid dangerous goods, excluding infectious goods or radioactive materials, there must be a direction of use label on the composite packaging and single packaging (such place is upward, etc.) 。

the requirements for dangerous goods transported by air are very strict. The technical rules for the safe transportation of dangerous goods by air stipulate that dangerous goods have not been correctly classified, have been identified with documents, have been explained, have been packaged, printed with shipping marks, attached with labels, and are in a state of readiness for transportation that meets the requirements of these rules. No one can provide or accept international civil aviation air transportation. 4. Spring fatigue tester sensor: it is composed of sensitive elements and processing circuits, If someone represents the deliverer or carrier of dangerous goods transported by air according to the requirements of these rules, he must perform his duties according to the requirements of these rules. If dangerous goods are not accepted, handled and transported according to the requirements of these rules, no one can transport them by air, the packages of dangerous goods are not manufactured, processed, marked, maintained, repaired or repaired according to the requirements of these rules, and no one can label or mark them, Identify or meet the requirements of this rule

if some dangerous goods do not conform to the technical rules, but the quantity is small, it can be regarded as "exceptional quantity of dangerous goods", which is limited in quantity and has requirements in packaging

in order to successfully apply the relevant provisions on the transport of dangerous goods and achieve the objectives of these Provisions, ICAO largely depends on the attention and understanding of the personnel related to the danger. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out planned and continuous first and repeated training for all personnel related to the transport of dangerous goods. There are 14 training courses, two of which are about packaging, The first is "packaging rules". The second is "general packaging requirements". The training of these two courses requires shippers and agents, packers, carrier staff and agents responsible for receiving goods, and agent staff other than the carrier handling goods procedures to participate. After training, they should take an examination and issue a certificate to confirm that the examination has been successfully completed. During the 24 month period, the previous training must be repeated to ensure the latest knowledge

fake piano black paint and translucent translucent acrylic resin and other modified plastics. The above is just a rough talk about some regulations and examples of the airlift of dangerous goods. With the rapid development of the national economy, China has increasingly close economic ties with foreign countries, especially those "sunset industries" entering China on a large scale, and the airlift of dangerous goods has doubled. In order to ensure the safety of dangerous goods by air, we must not take it lightly, We should take every batch of dangerous goods transported by air seriously, so as to eliminate hidden dangers from the source. It is essential to keep the alarm ringing

source: Shanghai packaging

Jiang Wei, Shanghai entry exit inspection and Quarantine Bureau